By Jimmy Rogers (@me)
Contributing Writer, [GAS]
Much of the time, when I discuss science with non-science people, I get the impression that genetics is a double-edged sword for them. While most understand that genes contain the “blueprint” for the organism that carries them, and that heredity somehow factors into that, the DNA (DeoxyriboNucleic Acid) molecule and its role in the process remain a mystery. Hopefully we can begin to clear things up here.
Each cell in your body (excluding red blood cells) contains a highly condensed package of DNA. While the structure of this package is unimportant for our purposes, one good thing to remember is that whenever a bit of DNA needs to be used by the body, that part can be selectively accessed and then repackaged again. Also, whenever the cell divides (and makes a complete copy of itself), ALL of the DNA needs to be “replicated,” or copied, as well.
This is a very important process because there is a LOT of DNA that needs to be copied and moreover it needs to be copied ACCURATELY. DNA and RNA (RiboNucleic Acid), are relatively similar molecules in that they can both store information, but the machinery for copying RNA is much more error prone, so in higher organisms, DNA is the main information molecule.